The First Lectures on the Psalms (1513-1515)
Martin Luther. Doctoris Martini Lutheri scholae ineditae de Psalmis habitae annis 1513-1516: e codice Ms. Bibliothecae Regiae Dresdensis. Edited by Johann Karl Seidemann. Dresden: Zahn, 1876; second edition, 1880.
These are all found in Luther's Works vol. 10-11 (WA 3-4). Luther refers to them as mea dictate super Psalterium
(10:x), and they were likely delivered from August 1513 through the fall of
1515. The lectures consist of glosses
(marginal notes of grammatical and syntactical nature) and brief scholia
(comments) on the Psalms included. They
have made their way down to us from one manuscript for the scholia (in Luther's
own hand), and one manuscript for the glosses (also in Luther's own hand). The scholia are more extant in the first half of the Psalter
than in the second, where the glosses are referred to by Luther more and
more. Oswald notes that while some loss
of manuscript is indicated in this regard, it could be that Luther did not
write out scholia for a number of Psalms (found in Vol 11).
The introduction by Hilton Oswald notes, "In general,
Luther here still follows the traditional manner of his day, presenting a
fourfold interpretation of a passage and labeling these interpretations as
literal (or historical), allegorical, tropological, or anagogical, but in the
printed preface to the Biblical text he announces from the very beginning that
all prophecy and every prophet should be interpreted as speaking of Jesus
Christ" (xi). Oswald explains that there were plans to publish the lectures
by Luther himself, and there is some evidence of Luther's own preparations for
this, but the plan was eventually scrapped.
Of this work, only the photocopies of the Dresden manuscript on the
scholia remain.
Volume 10 includes the scholia on Psalms 1-75. Missing in this collection are the scholia on
Psalms 3, 13-15, 19-26, 43, 46-48, 61, and 67. Volume 11 includes the scholia on Psalms
76-126. Missing are Psalms 100, 103,
105, 108, 116:1-9, 117, 121, 123-125, 127-150.
Commentary on the First Twenty-Two Psalms (1519)
Martin Luther. Complete Commentary on the First
Twenty-Two Psalms, Volume I.
Translated by Rev. Henry Cole.
London: W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 1826.
Martin Luther. Complete Commentary on the First
Twenty-Two Psalms, Volume II.
Translated by Rev. Henry Cole.
London: W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 1826.
There are free PDFs through Google and archive.org on both volumes in this
work. The translator notes that this is
the first English translation of this work, which heretofore had only been in
German and Latin. Luther calls this his "second exposition which I have
undertaken" and claims that it is "very different from my first"
(which is certainly true. The prefatory remarks are signed by Luther in 1519, which
suggests that the work was completed at this point (Mar 25, 1519). There are some truly inspiring paragraphs in
this introduction which explain in one of the best ways I've read the humility
needed to write on Scripture (pp. I:8-10). Luther mentions Augustine, Jerome, Hilary, Athanasius, and
Cassiodorus (and "others") in his preface, perhaps showing that these
were his dialogue partners.
A Manual on the Book of Psalms (1521?)
Martin Luther. A
Manual of the Book of Psalms: or, the Subject-Contents of All of the Psalms. Translated by Rev. Henry Cole. London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside, 1837;
London: H. G. Bohn, 1847.
Martin Luther. Operationes
in Psalmos, 1519-1521. Translated by
Gerhard Hammer and Manfried Biersack. Köln: Böhlau, 1981/1991.
Martin Luther. Operationes
F. Martini L. in Psalmos, Vittenbergensib. Theologiae Studiosis Pronunciatae. Wittenbergae: Grunenberg, 1519, 1520.
Martin Luther. Auszlegunng des hundert vnd neündten
Psalmen Dixit Dominus Domino meo Doc. Martini Luther Augustiner zu Wittenberg. Augspurg: Nadler, 1520.
Martin Luther. Martini
Lvutheri Piae Ac Doctae Operationes in Dvas Psalmorvm Decades: Iam secundo
recognitae. Invenies hoc tomo.
Basileae: Petri, 1521.
Martin Luther.
Operationes: in psalmos.
Wittenberg: Theologiae Studiosis Pronuciatae, 1521.
These are brief summaries on all of the Psalms. Luther is dissatisfied with his current commentaries on the
Psalms, referring I think to the two above, and speaks of his lack of time in
order to complete a whole commentary on the Psalms (and only getting to Psalm
22 in his previous attempt). This manual, dated to 1521 in the prefatory letter to his
friend, seems to be his concession to the scope of the project.
Commentary on the Psalms of Ascent (1527)
Martin Luther. A
Commentary on the Psalms, called Psalms of Degrees; in which, among many other
interesting subjects, the scriptural doctrine respecting the divinely
instituted and honourable estate of matrimony is explained and defended, in
opposition to the popish errors of monastic seclusion and enforced celibacy. Translation by Henry Bull. London: W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 1819.
Martin Luther. A
commentaire vpon the XV. Psalmes, called Psalmi Graduum, that is, Psalmes of
Degrees: faithfully copied out of the lectures of D. Martin Luther, very
fruitfull and comfortable for all Christian afflicted consciences to read. Translated by Henry Bull. Introduction by John Foxe. London: Thomas Vautroullier, 1577; London:
Richard Field, 1615; London: George Miller, 1637, 1644; Lewes/Sussex: Sussex
Press, 1823.
Martin Luther. Martini
Lutheri Exegetica Opera Latina; 19. Enarrationes Psalmi LI. Et. Commentarium in
XV. Psalmos graduum.
Erlangae: Heyder, 1847.
Martin
Luther. Außlegung D. Martin Luthers über
die funfzehen Psalmen der Lieder im höhern Chor: im Latin genant psalmi
graduum. Translated by Caspar
Hedio. Straßburg: K. Müller, 1541.
Martin Luther. In
quindecim Psalmos graduum commentarij: ex praelectionisbus D. Martini Lutheri,
summa fide collecti. Strasbourg:
Cratonis Cratomliani Argentoratensis, Sep 1540, 1542.
This commentary on the Psalms of Ascent (Ps 120-134) was first published in 1527 (?) in Latin. They were published from lecture notes.
Collected Homilies and Expositions in Luther's Works
In volumes 12-14 of Luther's Works are collected
homilies and other documents on different psalms. These are listed first according to their
volume with reference to where they are in WA. Afterwards, they will be listed in chronological
order.
Luther's Works XII: Selected Psalms I
- Ps 2 (WA 40.II, 193-312)
- Ps 8 (WA 45, 204-250)
- Ps 19 (WA 31.I, 580-586)
- Ps 23 (WA 51, 267-295)
- Ps 26 (WA 17.I, 228-243)
- Ps 45 (WA 40.II, 472-610)
- Ps 51 (WA 40.II, 315-470)
Luther's Works XIII: Selected Psalms II
- Ps 68 (WA 8, 4-35)
- Ps 82 (WA 31.I, 189-218)
- Ps 90 (WA 40.III, 476-594)
- Ps 101 (WA 51, 200-264)
- Ps 110 (WA 41, 79-239 [8 serm 1535: May 8,10,29,30, June 5,9,12,13])
- Ps 111 (WA 31.I, 393-426)
- Ps 112 (WA 19, 297-336)
Luther's Works XIV: Selected Psalms III
- Ps 117 (WA 31.I, 223-257)
- Ps 118 (WA 31.I, 65-182)
- Ps 147 (WA 31.I, 430-456)
- Seven Penitential Psalms [6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, 143] (WA 18, 479-530)
- Four Psalms of Comfort [37, 62, 94, 109] (WA 19, 552-615)
- Ps 1 and 2 (WA 5, 26-74)
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